The computational metaphor
A paper published in 2012 talks about the two main objectives of AI research - the first is to make computers more useful to humans and the second is to explore the principle that makes intelligence possible. Researchers with a former goal tend to focus on making intelligent machines and the the latter tend to focus on making intelligent machines.
Since the digital awakening, an argument, a metaphor, has been presented that compares the computer to the brain; the brain is a computer, and a computer is a brain. How we’ve built computers has been at the expense of how we understand human intelligence. When it comes to logical reasoning, rationality has more value than emotionality. We’re afforded the privilege of believing that a computer, incapable of displaying any emotional construct, is given more power (or equal power as humans if not more) than it deserves.
This computational metaphor is the grounds on which we draw parallels between human cognition or the cognitive theory and what machines can do that are human-like. We can talk about certain advantages on the grounds that AI is justified as a cognitive machine capable of understanding logic and rationale. The mind is independent of the material body, hence displaying inherent similarities to how we perceive AI. The behavioral and computational similarities qualify AI to be just as cognitive as the human mind itself. Therefore, AI can be the tool for testing theories and developing ideas that mirror how humans do the same thing. If anything, AI might even be able to do it better.